Neuroactive substances
Neuropharmacology by microiontophoresis
Iontophoretic ejection from multibarrel pipettes into the vicinity of a neuron allows the screening of a wide variety of compounds for pharmacological activity at cells of particular brain regions. Comparisons of the potencies of those substances which affect the rates of firing of these neurons are often made, and there are attempts to seek out fundamental similarities between the nature of the drug-elicited actions and the properties of synaptically-evoked effects. Antagonists may also be tested upon the drug elicited and synaptic responses.
A list of neuroactive substances (neurotransmitters, modulators, drugs or hormones) applied extracellularly by microiontophoresis is provided here. Pipette concentration, pH and ejection polarity are shown. In most experiments, iontophoretic currents range from 10 to 100 nA using ejection times of 5 to 120 seconds. See our Software page for example.
Compound Pipette concentration (mM) pH Ejection polarity References 1S,3R-ACPD, ACPD 50 8 (-) 5,11,23,33,50,55,57 3.5-DHPG 50 8.5 (-) 5,50 4C3HPG 25 7.1 (-) 5 4CPG 25 8 (-) 5 3PPP,(+) 10 5 (+) 58 5-HT 50 5 (+) 14,28,36,38,41,44,48 2-methyl-5HT 10 4.5 (+) 3,4,28,44,60 5-MDMT 30 4.5 (+) 38 8-OHDPAT 20 4 (+) 3,14,41,44,48 Acetylcholine 1000 5 (+) 24,27 Adenosine 250 4 52 AMPA 10 8 (-) 5-7,9,10,12,13,23,33,37,41-43,46,55 AP-5 50 8 (-) 25,37,42,61 AP-7 100 8 (-) 20,21 APV 50 9 (-) 46 Aspartate 100 8 (-) 41 Atropine 10 3.7 (+) 27 Baclofen 50 4 (+) 29,31 Bicuculline 20 4 (+) 11,29,36,45 BMY 14802 10 5 (+) 58 BMY 7378 50 3 (+) 28 Bombesin 1 (+) 16 BRL 46470A 10 4.5 (+) 2,28,60 Carbachol 250 6.3 (+) 27 CCG-1 50 8.5 (-) 50 CCK 26-33 1 8 (-) 31 CCK 27-32 1 5.3 (-) 31 CCK-4 16µg/ml 8 (-) 59 CCK-8S 16µg/ml 8 (-) 53,59 CCK-8U 16µg/ml 8 (-) 59 CGS12066B 1 5 (+) 44 Clonidine 100 4 (+) 26,39,51,62 CNQX 1 8 (-) 23,37,42,43,46,55 Cocaine 50 4.8 (+) 19 CP-100,263 20 6 (+) 7 CP-96345 0.1 5 (+) CP-99,994 20 6 (+) 7,12 CP-103,537 10 5 (+) 12 CPBG 25 5 (+) 44 CPP 20 8 (-) 5,23,55 CTOP 3 7.5 (+) 40 Cyanopindolol 50 3 (+) 48 D-NAME 50 6.5 (+) 10 DAMGO, DAGO 5 6.5 (+) 34,40,61 DCG-IV 50 8.5 (-) 50 Desipramine 50 4.7 (+) 19 DHPG 50 4.3 (+) 33 D-NAME 50 6.5 (+) 10 DNQX 5 7.5 (-) DOI 30 4.5 (+) 2,3,44 Dopamine 100 3 (+) 44,45,53 DPDPE 10 6.5 (+) 40,61 DPDP-SP 1 5 (+) 20 Dynorphin A1-8 1 6 (+) 49 Dynorphyn A1-13 5 5.5 (+) 56 Epinephrine 200 4 (+) 26 Eserin 20 2.9 (+) 27 GABA 200 4 (+) 5,14,17,24,29,31,34-36,45,49,51-53,60 Gallamine 100 5.8 (+) 27 Glycine 100 3 (+) 5,8,17,32 Granisetron 10 4.5 (+) 3,4 GR-73632 5 4.5 (+) 13 GYKI-52466 5 5.5 (+) 6 Haloperidol 6 4.2 (+) Hexamethonium 250 3.5 (+) 27 Homocysteic acid, DL 100 3.5 (+) 34,62 ICS-205930 10 4.5 (+) 4 Idazoxan 20 4 (+) 26,62 Imipramine 2 4.5 (+) Isoproterenol 300 4.7 (+) 51 Kainic acid 20 8 (-) 5-7,10,12,13,25,33,41,54 Ketamine 50 4.8 (+) 42 Ketanserin 10 3.5 (+) 14,15,38,44 Kynurenic acid 100 8 (-) 25,36,54 L-AP3 10 8 (-) 5,43,57 L-AP4 25 8.5 (-) 5,11,50,55 L-arginine 20 7.2 (-) 10 L-CCCG-1 25 7.9 (-) 5 L-Glutamate 100 8 (-) 2,3,5,21,28,31,36,41,44,53,55 L-NAME 50 6.5 (+) 10 L-NIO 10 6.5 (+) 10 L-SOP 50 8.5 (-) 5,50 Leu-enkephalin 20 3.5 (+) 22 Levallorphan 10 4.4 (+) LY-278584 10 4.5 (+) 4 MAP4 50 8.5 (-) 50 MCCG 50 8.5 (-) 50 M4CPG 25 7.6 (-) 5 MCPG 50 9 (-) 11,50 MDL-72222 10 4.5 (+) 4,14 MDMA, ±3,4 10 6 (+) 44 Met-enkephalin 1 4.5 (+) 22,49 Metergoline 10 4 (+) 2,4,14,38,60 Methoxamine 50 4 (+) 26 Methysergide 10 4 (+) 19,38,44,48 MK-801 5 7.5 (-) MKN 12 5 (+) 56 Morphine 50 5 (+) 17,30,34,40 Muscimol 50 4 (+) 24 Naloxone 50 5 (+) 17,19,30,34,61,62 NAM 50 5 (+) 56 NBQX 1 8.1 (+) 5 Neurokinin A 1 4.5 (+) 13 Neurokinin B 1 8 (-) 13 Neuromedin B 1 (+) 16 Neuromedin C 1 (+) 16 Neurotensin 0.5 6 (+) 53 Nipecotic acid 500 7.5 (+) 24 NMDA 100 8 (-) 5-10,12,13,21,25,33,37,42,43,46,54,61 norBNI 4 6.5 (+) 40 Norepinephrine 200 3.5 (+) 26,36,51,52 NPY 1 8 31 PCP 50 5 (+) 56 Phaclofen 50 4 (+) 29 Phentolamine 100 3.5 62 Phenylephrine 250 4.4 (+) 36,51 Pilocarpin 500 2.5 (+) 27 Pindolol 10 4.5 (+) 2,4 Pirenzepine 500 2.5 (+) 27 Prazosin 2 5 (+) 15,26,62 Proglumide 3 8 31 Quinpirole 10 4.5 (+) 53,58 Quisqualate 5 7.5 (-) 5,21,25,28,41,54 Ritanserin 10 4.5 (+) 2,3 S-4CPG 50 8 (-) 23,50 S-zacopride 10 4 (+) 4,28 S4C3-HPG 50 8.5 (-) 50 Senktide 8 (-) 13 Serotonine 50 4 (+) Somatostatin 1 6 (-) Spiperone 10 4.5 2 SR 27897 1 8 (+) SR 57227A 10 4.5 (+) 60 SR 95531 10 4 (+) 23 SR-95103 10 4.5 (+) 4,60 Strychnine 100 6.5 (+) 8,17,18 Substance P 2 7 (+) 7,13,20 Substance P (1-7) 1 5.5 (+) 7,9 Substance P(4-11) 0.8 6 (+) 47 Sulpiride 100 5.6 (+) 2,4,19,45,58 Trans-ACPD 10 7.8 (-) 41,43 TRH 50 7 (+) 32 Trifluoperazine 100 3 (+) 1 TTX 0.5 6.5 (+) 29 U 50488H 200 5 (+) 40 WAY 100135 5 4.5 (+) 44 WAY 100478 10 4.5 (+) 60 Zacopride 10 4.5 (+) 4
Please click on the following links for complete lists of references: