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Neuroactive substances
Neuropharmacology by microiontophoresis
Iontophoretic ejection from multibarrel pipettes into the
vicinity of a neuron allows the screening of a wide variety of compounds for
pharmacological activity at cells of particular brain regions. Comparisons
of the potencies of those substances which affect the rates of firing of these
neurons are often made, and there are attempts to seek out fundamental similarities
between the nature of the drug-elicited actions and the properties of synaptically-evoked
effects. Antagonists may also be tested upon the drug elicited and synaptic
responses.
A list of neuroactive substances (neurotransmitters, modulators, drugs or
hormones) applied extracellularly by microiontophoresis is provided here.
Pipette concentration, pH and ejection polarity are shown. In most experiments,
iontophoretic currents range from 10 to 100 nA using ejection times of 5 to
120 seconds. See our Software
page for example.
| Compound |
Pipette concentration (mM) |
pH |
Ejection polarity |
References |
| 1S,3R-ACPD, ACPD |
50 |
8 |
(-) |
5,11,23,33,50,55,57 |
| 3.5-DHPG |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
5,50 |
| 4C3HPG |
25 |
7.1 |
(-) |
5 |
| 4CPG |
25 |
8 |
(-) |
5 |
| 3PPP,(+) |
10 |
5 |
(+) |
58 |
| 5-HT |
50 |
5 |
(+) |
14,28,36,38,41,44,48 |
| 2-methyl-5HT |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
3,4,28,44,60 |
| 5-MDMT |
30 |
4.5 |
(+) |
38 |
| 8-OHDPAT |
20 |
4 |
(+) |
3,14,41,44,48 |
| Acetylcholine |
1000 |
5 |
(+) |
24,27 |
| Adenosine |
250 |
4 |
|
52 |
| AMPA |
10 |
8 |
(-) |
5-7,9,10,12,13,23,33,37,41-43,46,55 |
| AP-5 |
50 |
8 |
(-) |
25,37,42,61 |
| AP-7 |
100 |
8 |
(-) |
20,21 |
| APV |
50 |
9 |
(-) |
46 |
| Aspartate |
100 |
8 |
(-) |
41 |
| Atropine |
10 |
3.7 |
(+) |
27 |
| Baclofen |
50 |
4 |
(+) |
29,31 |
| Bicuculline |
20 |
4 |
(+) |
11,29,36,45 |
| BMY 14802 |
10 |
5 |
(+) |
58 |
| BMY 7378 |
50 |
3 |
(+) |
28 |
| Bombesin |
1 |
|
(+) |
16 |
| BRL 46470A |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
2,28,60 |
| Carbachol |
250 |
6.3 |
(+) |
27 |
| CCG-1 |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
50 |
| CCK 26-33 |
1 |
8 |
(-) |
31 |
| CCK 27-32 |
1 |
5.3 |
(-) |
31 |
| CCK-4 |
16µg/ml |
8 |
(-) |
59 |
| CCK-8S |
16µg/ml |
8 |
(-) |
53,59 |
| CCK-8U |
16µg/ml |
8 |
(-) |
59 |
| CGS12066B |
1 |
5 |
(+) |
44 |
| Clonidine |
100 |
4 |
(+) |
26,39,51,62 |
| CNQX |
1 |
8 |
(-) |
23,37,42,43,46,55 |
| Cocaine |
50 |
4.8 |
(+) |
19 |
| CP-100,263 |
20 |
6 |
(+) |
7 |
| CP-96345 |
0.1 |
5 |
(+) |
|
| CP-99,994 |
20 |
6 |
(+) |
7,12 |
| CP-103,537 |
10 |
5 |
(+) |
12 |
| CPBG |
25 |
5 |
(+) |
44 |
| CPP |
20 |
8 |
(-) |
5,23,55 |
| CTOP |
3 |
7.5 |
(+) |
40 |
| Cyanopindolol |
50 |
3 |
(+) |
48 |
| D-NAME |
50 |
6.5 |
(+) |
10 |
| DAMGO, DAGO |
5 |
6.5 |
(+) |
34,40,61 |
| DCG-IV |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
50 |
| Desipramine |
50 |
4.7 |
(+) |
19 |
| DHPG |
50 |
4.3 |
(+) |
33 |
| D-NAME |
50 |
6.5 |
(+) |
10 |
| DNQX |
5 |
7.5 |
(-) |
|
| DOI |
30 |
4.5 |
(+) |
2,3,44 |
| Dopamine |
100 |
3 |
(+) |
44,45,53 |
| DPDPE |
10 |
6.5 |
(+) |
40,61 |
| DPDP-SP |
1 |
5 |
(+) |
20 |
| Dynorphin A1-8 |
1 |
6 |
(+) |
49 |
| Dynorphyn A1-13 |
5 |
5.5 |
(+) |
56 |
| Epinephrine |
200 |
4 |
(+) |
26 |
| Eserin |
20 |
2.9 |
(+) |
27 |
| GABA |
200 |
4 |
(+) |
5,14,17,24,29,31,34-36,45,49,51-53,60 |
| Gallamine |
100 |
5.8 |
(+) |
27 |
| Glycine |
100 |
3 |
(+) |
5,8,17,32 |
| Granisetron |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
3,4 |
| GR-73632 |
5 |
4.5 |
(+) |
13 |
| GYKI-52466 |
5 |
5.5 |
(+) |
6 |
| Haloperidol |
6 |
4.2 |
(+) |
|
| Hexamethonium |
250 |
3.5 |
(+) |
27 |
| Homocysteic acid, DL |
100 |
3.5 |
(+) |
34,62 |
| ICS-205930 |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
4 |
| Idazoxan |
20 |
4 |
(+) |
26,62 |
| Imipramine |
2 |
4.5 |
(+) |
|
| Isoproterenol |
300 |
4.7 |
(+) |
51 |
| Kainic acid |
20 |
8 |
(-) |
5-7,10,12,13,25,33,41,54 |
| Ketamine |
50 |
4.8 |
(+) |
42 |
| Ketanserin |
10 |
3.5 |
(+) |
14,15,38,44 |
| Kynurenic acid |
100 |
8 |
(-) |
25,36,54 |
| L-AP3 |
10 |
8 |
(-) |
5,43,57 |
| L-AP4 |
25 |
8.5 |
(-) |
5,11,50,55 |
| L-arginine |
20 |
7.2 |
(-) |
10 |
| L-CCCG-1 |
25 |
7.9 |
(-) |
5 |
| L-Glutamate |
100 |
8 |
(-) |
2,3,5,21,28,31,36,41,44,53,55 |
| L-NAME |
50 |
6.5 |
(+) |
10 |
| L-NIO |
10 |
6.5 |
(+) |
10 |
| L-SOP |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
5,50 |
| Leu-enkephalin |
20 |
3.5 |
(+) |
22 |
| Levallorphan |
10 |
4.4 |
(+) |
|
| LY-278584 |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
4 |
| MAP4 |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
50 |
| MCCG |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
50 |
| M4CPG |
25 |
7.6 |
(-) |
5 |
| MCPG |
50 |
9 |
(-) |
11,50 |
| MDL-72222 |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
4,14 |
| MDMA, ±3,4 |
10 |
6 |
(+) |
44 |
| Met-enkephalin |
1 |
4.5 |
(+) |
22,49 |
| Metergoline |
10 |
4 |
(+) |
2,4,14,38,60 |
| Methoxamine |
50 |
4 |
(+) |
26 |
| Methysergide |
10 |
4 |
(+) |
19,38,44,48 |
| MK-801 |
5 |
7.5 |
(-) |
|
| MKN |
12 |
5 |
(+) |
56 |
| Morphine |
50 |
5 |
(+) |
17,30,34,40 |
| Muscimol |
50 |
4 |
(+) |
24 |
| Naloxone |
50 |
5 |
(+) |
17,19,30,34,61,62 |
| NAM |
50 |
5 |
(+) |
56 |
| NBQX |
1 |
8.1 |
(+) |
5 |
| Neurokinin A |
1 |
4.5 |
(+) |
13 |
| Neurokinin B |
1 |
8 |
(-) |
13 |
| Neuromedin B |
1 |
|
(+) |
16 |
| Neuromedin C |
1 |
|
(+) |
16 |
| Neurotensin |
0.5 |
6 |
(+) |
53 |
| Nipecotic acid |
500 |
7.5 |
(+) |
24 |
| NMDA |
100 |
8 |
(-) |
5-10,12,13,21,25,33,37,42,43,46,54,61 |
| norBNI |
4 |
6.5 |
(+) |
40 |
| Norepinephrine |
200 |
3.5 |
(+) |
26,36,51,52 |
| NPY |
1 |
8 |
|
31 |
| PCP |
50 |
5 |
(+) |
56 |
| Phaclofen |
50 |
4 |
(+) |
29 |
| Phentolamine |
100 |
3.5 |
|
62 |
| Phenylephrine |
250 |
4.4 |
(+) |
36,51 |
| Pilocarpin |
500 |
2.5 |
(+) |
27 |
| Pindolol |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
2,4 |
| Pirenzepine |
500 |
2.5 |
(+) |
27 |
| Prazosin |
2 |
5 |
(+) |
15,26,62 |
| Proglumide |
3 |
8 |
|
31 |
| Quinpirole |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
53,58 |
| Quisqualate |
5 |
7.5 |
(-) |
5,21,25,28,41,54 |
| Ritanserin |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
2,3 |
| S-4CPG |
50 |
8 |
(-) |
23,50 |
| S-zacopride |
10 |
4 |
(+) |
4,28 |
| S4C3-HPG |
50 |
8.5 |
(-) |
50 |
| Senktide |
|
8 |
(-) |
13 |
| Serotonine |
50 |
4 |
(+) |
|
| Somatostatin |
1 |
6 |
(-) |
|
| Spiperone |
10 |
4.5 |
|
2 |
| SR 27897 |
1 |
8 |
(+) |
|
| SR 57227A |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
60 |
| SR 95531 |
10 |
4 |
(+) |
23 |
| SR-95103 |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
4,60 |
| Strychnine |
100 |
6.5 |
(+) |
8,17,18 |
| Substance P |
2 |
7 |
(+) |
7,13,20 |
| Substance P (1-7) |
1 |
5.5 |
(+) |
7,9 |
| Substance P(4-11) |
0.8 |
6 |
(+) |
47 |
| Sulpiride |
100 |
5.6 |
(+) |
2,4,19,45,58 |
| Trans-ACPD |
10 |
7.8 |
(-) |
41,43 |
| TRH |
50 |
7 |
(+) |
32 |
| Trifluoperazine |
100 |
3 |
(+) |
1 |
| TTX |
0.5 |
6.5 |
(+) |
29 |
| U 50488H |
200 |
5 |
(+) |
40 |
| WAY 100135 |
5 |
4.5 |
(+) |
44 |
| WAY 100478 |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
60 |
| Zacopride |
10 |
4.5 |
(+) |
4 |
Please click on the following links for complete lists of references:
References 1-62
References 62-121
|
